There are many ways to help with debugging, including Pair programming, Rubber Ducking and Tracing code.

One technique that has helped my students over the years is the use of making a debugging flowchart. This very much helps students think about common errors they make and then they have a physical artefact to check against. I generally do this electronically so they can go back and add to it when the find new errors.

Shown below is student example work. You can see how she has thought about the process of debugging and this in itself helps.